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Built-in Applications

Run Command
Real Name / Executable
Pentesting Relevance

Enumeration

cmd

cmd.exe

The classic command prompt.

powershell

powershell.exe

The modern command line.

systeminfo

systeminfo.exe

Lists OS version, installed patches/hotfixes, network configuration, and hardware.

whoami

whoami.exe

Quickly identify the current user. Use whoami /all for detailed group membership.

ipconfig

ipconfig.exe

Displays network configuration. Use ipconfig /all to see detailed info.

netstat

netstat.exe

Shows active network connections and listening ports. Use netstat -ano to see the associated PID for each connection.

nltest

nltest.exe

Crucial for domain environments. Use nltest /domain_trusts to enumerate domain trusts.

wmic

wmic.exe

Command-line interface for WMI.

Privilege Escalation & Misconfiguration

taskschd.msc

Task Scheduler

GUI for viewing scheduled tasks.

services.msc

Services

GUI for viewing system services.

compmgmt.msc

Computer Management

Combines Local Users and Groups, Event Viewer, Services, Disk Management, and more.

secpol.msc

Local Security Policy

View and analyze security settings.

eventvwr.msc

Event Viewer

Look for sensitive information or errors in logs.

regedit

Registry Editor

Search for stored passwords, check for insecure settings like AlwaysInstallElevated, and establish persistence via Run/RunOnce keys.

lusrmgr.msc

Local Users and Groups

GUI for managing local users and groups.

Persistence & Lateral Movement

gpedit.msc

Group Policy Editor

Configure logon/logoff scripts, scheduled tasks, and other settings for persistence.

dsa.msc

AD Users and Computers

Enumerate and manage all users, groups, and computers in the domain.

gpmc.msc

Group Policy Management

Manage GPOs for the entire domain.

wf.msc

Windows Firewall

View and configure the Windows Firewall.

certmgr.msc

Certificate Manager

View certificates stored in the machine.

Bypasses & Execution

rundll32.exe

rundll32.exe

A classic application whitelisting bypass.

mshta.exe

mshta.exe

Executes HTML Applications (HTAs).

control

control.exe

Opens the Control Panel.

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